Aplicação de calcário e de nitrogênio em cobertura melhora a qualidade das mudas de Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert (Fabaceae–Caesalpinioideae)

The liming and mineral fertilization can improve the growth and quality of forest species seedlings. The effects of the application of nitrogen fertilizer rates and limestone on growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert seedlings were investigated in this study. Peltophorum dubium plants were grown in 1.4-L polyethylene bags filled with sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial: four of N application rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg mg dm–3) and application or non-application of limestone, with four replicates. The plant height, stem diameter, height/diameter ratio and number of leaves were measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emergence. At 120 days, root volume, shoot and root dry matter, N accumulation in shoots, shoot/root dry matter ratio, and Dickson quality index was also measured. The results reported that limestone and N fertilizer application have a positive effect on most of the growth and quality traits of Peltophorum dubium seedlings, and when Peltophorum dubium seedlings are produced in a substrate consisting of a sandy soil from Brazilian Cerrado, the limestone application and use of 200 mg N dm–3 in topdressing should be recommended to obtain high-quality seedlings.A calagem e adubação mineral podem melhorar o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de espécies florestais. Os efeitos da aplicação de adubação nitrogenada e calcário sobre o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de canafístula [Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert] foram investigados neste estudo. Plantas de Peltophorum dubium foram cultivadas em sacos de polietileno de 1,4 L, preenchidos com solo arenoso e mantidos em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 × 2: quatro doses de N (0, 100, 200 e 300 mg dm-3) e aplicação ou não de calcário, com quatro repetições. A altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, relação altura/diâmetro e número de folhas foram mensurados aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a emergência. Aos 120 dias, também foram determinados o volume radicular, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, acúmulo de N na parte aérea, relação entre matéria seca da parte aérea/raiz e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os resultados reportaram que a aplicação de calcário e de fertilizante nitrogenado tem efeito benéfico sobre a maioria das características da parte aérea e das raízes das mudas de Peltophorum dubium, e quando as mudas de Peltophorum dubium são produzidas em um substrato constituído de um solo arenoso da região do Cerrado, a aplicação de calcário e o uso de 200 mg N dm–3 aplicado em cobertura deve ser recomendado para a obtenção de mudas de alta qualidade

SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOST ASSOCIATED TO FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION FOR Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION

Inappropriate disposal of sewage sludge has become an environmental problem. In some Brazilian states, such as São Paulo, in natura sewage sludge use is practically prohibited due to restrictive requirements by CONAMA Resolution No. 375/2006. Therefore, a very promising alternative to reuse this residue is to compost it with other materials and use it as a substrate in the production of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of the seedlings of Peltophorum dubium in compost with sewage sludge, to determine which frequency of irrigation would be more adequate according to the physical characteristics of each substrate, and if this would influence the morphological and nutritional variables of the seedlings. Two composts were produced: sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse and sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark, both in 1: 1 proportion. Commercial substrate was used for control. This study was completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial design, which three substrates and three frequencies of irrigation were tested: two, three and four times per day. The evaluated parameters were: plant height, stem diameter ratio, shoot / root ratio, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, green color index, Dickson quality index (IQD), water loss through leaching and substrate water retain capacity. The best results were observed in the seedlings produced in sewage sludge compound with eucalyptus bark submitted to the frequencies of two or three times a day

In vitro antifungal activity of Peltophorum dubium (Spreg.) Taub. extracts against Aspergillus flavus.

Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous, saprophytic fungus, whose colonization occurs mainly in cereal grains and oilseeds once arvested. Under certain conditions, it could produce mycotoxins called aflatoxins, known as powerful human liver carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to describe the antifungal activity of extracts of Peltophorum dubium, a species from northern Argentina (Oriental Chaco), against A. flavus. The antifungal activities of di erent collection sites are reported. The extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 g/mL, and the di erences between the treatments and the inoculum control were 11 mm of P. dubium A and 10 mm of P. dubium F in colony growth. Moreover, hyphae treated with the extracts stained blue with Evans blue showed alterations in the membrane and/or cell wall, allowing the dye income. Bio-guided fractionation, High Performance Liquid Chromatography diode array ultraviolet/visible (HPLC UV/VIS DAD), and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC ESI-MS) analyses were conducted to characterize the extracts and their active fractions. The HPLC UV/VIS DAD analysis allowed the determination of the presence of flavonoids (flavonols and flavones), coumarins, terpenes, and steroids. UPLC ESI/MS analysis of active fractions revealed the presence of Kaempferol, Apigenin, Naringenin, Chrysin and aidzein.Fil: Di Ciaccio, Lucí­a Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Catalano, Alejandra V. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Farmacognosia; ArgentinaFil: López, Paula G. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Farmacognosia; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Dante. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Fortunato, Renee Hersilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Salvat, Adriana Elisabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Cristos, Diego Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

Wood natural resistance of seven forest species to white rot caused by Pycnoporus sanguineus

This research evaluated the natural resistance of: Platanus x acerifolia, Luehea divaricate, Carya illinoinensis, Peltophorum dubium, Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus grandis and Hovenia dulcis, to accelerated decay of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. The Specific Density at 12% was determinated. The accelerated decay test was conducted with glass bottles (capacity of 500 mL) filled with 100 g of moist soil, autoclaved, and kept at 25 °C. The initial establishment of fungal colonies on plates was supported by samples of Pinus elliottii sapwood. In this study, three samples of dimensions 9.0 x 25.0 x 25.0 mm were used for each species evaluated and, after 16 weeks of incubation, the percentage loss of mass was calculated. The degree of natural resistance was performed according to the percentages of mass loss. The results obtained from weight loss were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The natural resistance of woods was not influenced by specific gravity. The wood of Carya illinoinensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Platanus x acerifolia, Luehea divaricata and Peltophorum dubium were classified as very resistant, Houvenia dulcis as resistant and Araucaria angustifolia as moderate resistant

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Clitoria fairchildiana Howard E Peltophorum dubium (Sprenge) Taub EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SOMBREAMENTO

Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do sombreamento no crescimento de mudas de Peltophorum dubium (Canafístula) e Clitoria fairchildiana (Sombreiro), espécies utilizadas no reflorestamento de encostas do município do Rio de Janeiro. As sementes foram colhidas em diversas matrizes e semeadas em sacos plásticos. As porcentagens de sombreamento testadas foram: 0% (sol pleno), 30%, 50% e 75%. A instalação do experimento iniciou-se um mês após a semeadura. O parâmetro altura foi analisado aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a semeadura. O peso da matéria seca da raiz foi analisado aos 150 dias. Os resultados demostraram que as espécies estudadas apresentam diferentes respostas para os parâmetros analisados. Para o plantio imediato recomenda-se a produção de mudas de Sombreiro sob o sombreamento de 30% e de Canafístula, sob sol pleno, 30% ou 75% de sombra. Na produção de mudas para estocagem, seria indicado para o Sombreiro, a produção a sol pleno e para Canafístula, as mudas poderiam ser mantidas sob 50% de sombreamento. Ambas as espécies podem ser plantadas sob pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 75% de sombreamento, sendo indicadas para a implantação de reflorestamentos ou para enriquecimento de área degradadas

Canafístula.

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INFLUENCE OF ANATOMY ON THE MECHANICAL RESISTANCE OF WOODS IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of anatomy on the mechanical resistance of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla, and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake from an agroforestry system. For this purpose, twelve 9-year-old trees were felled. To evaluate the anatomical properties, the specimens were taken from the diameter region at breast height (DBH at 1.30 m from the ground). To determine the mechanical characteristics, central planks from the DBH of the tree logs were removed to produce test specimens with dimensions of 2.5 × 2.5 × 41.0 cm. The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, tension of the proportional limit, and maximum force were then evaluated. Conversely, test specimens with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 15 cm for were used for the transversal and longitudinal Janka hardness and perpendicular compression tests. The higher the cell wall fraction, vessel frequency, and ray frequency values, the better the mechanical properties. Conversely, with the increase in the fiber diameter, lumen diameter, vessel diameter, height, and width of rays, the values of the mechanical properties of wood are lower

Urban arborization management plan: tool design for efficiency and public safety

The inventory of the urban arborization of Positivo University parking lots in Ecoville Campus was conducted through census criteria, concerning the surroundings conflicts related to tree health, origin and phenology, that were scored and weighted. There were 393 individuals, 12 species and five families where 60% were native to Brazil. The main canopy criteria was the reaching branches on the access road in a proportion of 40%; in the trunk analysis, it was observed lesion (45%) and rot (40%); at the base’s analysis it was verified injury (43%) and root damage (35%) and exposed root (25%). The presence of fruit (26%) was higher than the flowering. Handroanthus albus presented the best result for the criteria, unlike Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Tipuana tipu. The trees showed a landscaping potential, however, the space available for the large size ones was not adequate and the large size species intensified the conflicts, when there was no planning. The species characteristics should be observed, in relation to the three-dimensional space availability. Thus, future conflicts that can be avoided endanger tree health, urban infrastructure and residents which can lead to economic losses. For this reason, the elaboration of the Municipal Urban Arborization Plan is considered primordial

The Fluvial Forests as Indicators of the Flow and Permanence of Water

We evaluated the influence of the horizontal flows of the Paraná River on the composition and distribution of the floodplain landscape and we defined the ecohydrologicalsignature of some species-index in the low Paraná River section, (27° 38? 04? S and 58° 50? 46? W). During the drought phase, the structure of the vegetation were characterizad using a Cottam & Curtis method. The trees were positioned in the topographic gradients during the flood phase, taking as reference the river water sheet in the nearest hydrometric gauge. To obtain the pulse attributes in different positions of the geomorphological gradient, PULSO software was used considering the daily water levels at Corrientes city between 1985 and 2015. Two main types of flooded forests were identified: pionner forest, dominated by one or two species (Salix humboldtiana, Tessaria integrifolia) in recent bars and islands, and pluri-specific flooded forests (Albizia inundata, Cecropia pachystachya, Croton urucurana, Inga uruguensis, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Nectandra angustifolia and Peltophorum dubium) occupying bars of the highest islands, with shorter flood phases, with trees are distributed in 2-3 strata in a closed canopy. Pulses were more frequent in pioneer forests than in multispecific forests. The ecohydrological signature allows the optimum condition and distribution limits of each species to be established. It is a tool to know the adjustment of biotic elements (populations) to the river variability regime. The procedure usedcan be used to anticipate the possible reorganization of the river plain landscape as a result of flow variations predicted by climate change models.Fil: Zambiasio, Violeta Amancay. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Casco, Sylvina Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Neiff, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentin